Mehtabidah Ali's research paper was published in the International Journal of Heliyon. In the study, Ali utilized NASA Satellite Data to predict the behavior of surging glaciers in the HKH ranges of Northern Pakistan and analyzed the risks with glacial lake outburst floods (GLOFs).
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Government
Name: Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Conventional Form: Pakistan
Former: West Pakistan
Independence: 14 August 1947 (from UK)
Founder of the Nation: Mohammed Ali Jinnah
Government Type: Federal Republic
Parliament: The parliament consists of two houses; the Senate (Upper House) and the National Assembly (Lower House). The Senate is a permanent legislative body and symbolizes a process of continuity in the national affairs. It consists of 87 members. The four provincial assemblies, Federally Administered Tribal Areas, and Federal Capital, form it Electoral College.
The National Assembly has a total membership of 342 elected through adult suffrage.
Suffrage: 21 years of age; universal; separate electorates and reserved parliamentary seats for non-Muslims.
Administrative Divisions: 4 provinces (Balochistan, North-West Frontier Province, Punjab, Sindh), 1 territory (Federally Administered Tribal Areas), and 1 capital territory (Islamabad).
Note: The Pakistani-administered portion of the disputed Jammu and Kashmir region includes Azad Kashmir and the Northern Areas.
Constitution: 10 April 1973, suspended 5 July 1977, restored with amendments 30 December 1985; suspended 15 October 1999. By March 2003, The Constitution of Pakistan had been fully restored. The restoration of the Constitution was carried out in phases on November 15, 2002, November 24, 2002, December 31, 2002 and March 12, 2003. Elections to the Provincial Assemblies and National Assembly were held on October 10, 2002, and elections to the Senate were held on February 24, 2003.
National Holiday: Republic Day, 23 March (started in 1956)
The Pakistan Flag:The Flag was designed by Quaid-i-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah. It is bottle green in color with a vertical white band, a white crescent in the centre and a five-pointed star. The significance of the colour and symbols used in the Pakistani Flag is as follows: The white and dark green field represents Minorities & Muslim majority, respectively. The crescent on the Flag represents progress. The five-rayed star represents light and knowledge.
State Emblem:
1. The crescent and the star which symbolises Islam
2. A shield in the center showing the four major agricultural crops of Pakistan
3. A wreath surrounding the shield, representing cultural heritage
4. A scroll containing Jinnah's Motto: Unity, Faith, Disciplines
National Anthem: The national Anthem of Pakistan is comprised of verses by the poet Abul Asar Hafeez Jullundhri, and music composed by Ahmed G. Chagla. The anthem was adopted by the government of Pakistan in 1954. It reflects the idealism of the founders of the nation and hope for Pakistan's unity in the future. To the right you can find the anthem written in Urdu and below translated into English. Follow the link below the English text to hear a recording of the anthem.
Blessed be the sacred land,
Happy be the bounteous realm,
Symbol of high resolve,
Land of Pakistan.
Blessed be thou citadel of faith.
The Order of this Sacred Land
Is the might of the brotherhood of the people.
May the nation, the country, and the State
Shine in glory everlasting.
Blessed be the goal of our ambition.
This flag of the Crescent and the Star
Leads the way to progress and perfection,
Interpreter of our past, glory of our present,
Inspiration of our future,
Symbol of Almighty's protection.
Embassies of Pakistan Worldwide: Hosted by Travel & Culture Services of Pakistan.